Chapter 118 of 2363 min read

Colligative properties

Why this is asked: All four colligative properties scale with the number of solute particles, not the solute's identity, which is why every formula carries a van't Hoff factor i. A dissociating electrolyte gives i > 1 and inflates the effect; a solute that associates, like benzoic acid dimerising in benzene, gives i < 1 and shrinks it — the direction of that correction is the usual trap.

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Test yourself

•Which of the following aqueous solutions will exhibit the highest boiling point?
•The plot of osmotic pressure ( $Π$ ) vs concentration ( $mol L^{- 1}$ ) for a solution gives a straight line with slope $25.73 L bar mo l^{- 1}$ . The temperature at which the osmotic pressure measurement is done is (use $R = 0.083 L bar mo l^{- 1} K^{- 1}$ ):

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