Chapter 205 of 2363 min read

Regulation and disorders

Why this is asked: Breathing rate is regulated mainly by CO2 and H+ levels sensed by the medulla's chemosensitive area, not by how much O2 is available — the opposite of the intuitive "we breathe because we need oxygen." Among disorders, emphysema is alveolar-wall damage that shrinks the gas-exchange surface (usually from chronic smoking), while asthma is inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles causing wheezing, not alveolar damage.

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Test yourself

•Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Emphysema	I. Rapid spasms in muscle due to low $C a^{++}$ in body fluid
B. Angina pectoris	II. Damaged alveolar walls and decreased respiratory surface
C. Glomerulonephritis	III. Acute chest pain when not enough oxygen is reaching the heart muscle
D. Tetany	IV. Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Open this in the full syllabus view · Zoology

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