Morphology of Flowering Plants

Class 11

21 previous-year questions from this chapter every option and the correct answer, free · where the marks are

1. Root, stem and leaf: modifications

Exam focus: The classic mix-up is thorn versus spine: a thorn (Bougainvillea, Citrus) is a hardened, axillary branch — a stem structure — while a spine (Opuntia, Acacia) is a modified leaf or stipule, and NEET relies on their shared "sharp defensive structure" look to test whether you actually know the difference in origin.

Root, Stem and Leaf: Modifications

Competition Wallah

Full chapter video with clear root-modification, stem-modification and leaf segments per its own chapter list.

2. Inflorescence, flower and floral formula

Exam focus: Whether the main axis keeps growing decides everything: a racemose inflorescence has an indefinite, still-growing axis and opens acropetally (oldest flower at the base), while a cymose one ends in a terminal flower that stops the axis, so it opens basipetally instead — options frequently swap which order goes with which type.

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Vedantu Biotonic for NEET

Covers the whole Morphology of Flowering Plants chapter, so inflorescence types, flower structure and the floral formula/diagram are all included, alongside root, stem, leaf and fruit/seed morphology beyond just this subtopic.

ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Which of the following is an example of a zygomorphic flower?

A.Petunia
B.Datura
C.Pea✓
D.Chilli

Solution

Pea (Fabaceae) has a zygomorphic papilionaceous flower. Petunia, Datura and chilli (Solanaceae) have actinomorphic flowers.

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BotanyNEET 2025show ▾

Given below are two statements: Statement I: In a floral formula, the symbol % stands for the zygomorphic nature of the flower, and G with a line above it stands for an inferior ovary. Statement II: In a floral formula, the symbol ⊕ stands for the actinomorphic nature of the flower, and G with a line below it stands for a superior ovary. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
B.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
C.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
D.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct✓

Solution

In floral formulae % denotes zygomorphy and ⊕ actinomorphy; a line below G marks a superior ovary and a line above G an inferior ovary. Statement I gets the ovary marking backwards; Statement II is correct.

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BotanyNEET 2024show ▾

Which of the following is an example of an actinomorphic flower?

A.Cassia
B.Pisum
C.Sesbania
D.Datura✓

Solution

Datura flowers can be divided into equal halves by any radial plane — actinomorphic. Cassia, Pisum and Sesbania (all with irregular corollas) are zygomorphic.

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BotanyNEET 2024show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Rose	I. Twisted aestivation
B. Pea	II. Perigynous flower
C. Cotton	III. Drupe
D. Mango	IV. Marginal placentation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
B.A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
C.A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
D.A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III✓

Solution

Rose has a perigynous flower (II); pea shows marginal placentation (IV); cotton has twisted aestivation (I); mango is a drupe (III).

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BotanyNEET 2024show ▾

Identify the type of flowers based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium with respect to the ovary from the given figures (a) and (b): Question 113 as printed in the NEET 2024 booklet

Question 113 as printed in the NEET 2024 booklet

A.(a) Hypogynous; (b) Epigynous
B.(a) Perigynous; (b) Epigynous
C.(a) Perigynous; (b) Perigynous✓
D.(a) Epigynous; (b) Hypogynous

Solution

In both drawings the ovary sits at the centre of a cup-shaped thalamus with the sepals, petals and stamens arising from its rim at the same level as the ovary — the perigynous condition (half-inferior ovary), as in plum and rose. Neither shows the parts fused around the ovary (epigynous) or arising below it (hypogynous).

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BotanyNEET 2024show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I (Type of stamens)	List II (Example)
A. Monoadelphous	I. Citrus
B. Diadelphous	II. Pea
C. Polyadelphous	III. Lily
D. Epiphyllous	IV. China rose

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
B.A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
C.A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
D.A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III✓

Solution

China rose has monoadelphous stamens (one bundle, IV); pea diadelphous (two bundles, II); Citrus polyadelphous (many bundles, I); lily's stamens are epiphyllous, attached to the perianth (III).

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BotanyNEET 2023show ▾

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: A flower is defined as a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem. Reason R: Internodes of the shoot get condensed to produce different floral appendages laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A✓
B.Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
C.A is true but R is false
D.A is false but R is true

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BotanyNEET 2023show ▾

Axile placentation is observed in:

A.Mustard, cucumber and primrose
B.China rose, beans and lupin
C.Tomato, Dianthus and pea
D.China rose, Petunia and lemon✓

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BotanyNEET 2022show ▾

The flowers are zygomorphic in: (a) Mustard (b) Gulmohar (c) Cassia (d) Datura (e) Chilli Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.(c), (d), (e) only
B.(a), (b), (c) only
C.(b), (c) only✓
D.(d), (e) only

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BotanyNEET 2020show ▾

The ovary is half-inferior in:

A.Brinjal
B.Mustard
C.Sunflower
D.Plum✓

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BotanyNEET 2020show ▾

Ray florets have:

A.An inferior ovary✓
B.A superior ovary
C.A hypogynous ovary
D.A half-inferior ovary

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BotanyNEET 2019show ▾

Placentation in which ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary, or in its peripheral part, is:

A.Basal
B.Axile
C.Parietal✓
D.Free central

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3. Fruit and seed; families

Exam focus: Not every fruit is simply "a ripened ovary": apple, pear and cashew are false fruits whose fleshy, edible part develops from the thalamus (receptacle) rather than the ovary, which is exactly the example set NEET uses to check this distinction.

Fruit and Seed; Important Plant Families

Competition Wallah

Same video covers fruits, seeds and the floral diagram/formula, but detailed treatment of important plant families (Solanaceae, Fabaceae, etc.) is lighter than a dedicated families video would give.

BotanyNEET 2025show ▾

In the seeds of cereals, the outer covering of the endosperm separates the embryo by a protein-rich layer called:

A.Coleoptile
B.Coleorhiza
C.Integument
D.Aleurone layer✓

Solution

In cereal grains the endosperm is separated from the embryo by the aleurone layer, a protein-rich layer that also secretes enzymes during germination.

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BotanyNEET 2024show ▾

Identify the part of the seed from the given figure which is destined to form the root when the seed germinates. Question 128 as printed in the NEET 2024 booklet

Question 128 as printed in the NEET 2024 booklet

A.B
B.C✓
C.D
D.A

Solution

The embryo of the dicot seed consists of the embryonal axis with the plumule at one end and the radicle at the other. Label C marks the radicle, which grows out first at germination to form the root.

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BotanyNEET 2023show ▾

Family Fabaceae differs from Solanaceae and Liliaceae. With respect to the stamens, pick out the characteristics specific to family Fabaceae but not found in Solanaceae or Liliaceae:

A.Diadelphous and dithecous anthers✓
B.Polyadelphous and epipetalous stamens
C.Monoadelphous and monothecous anthers
D.Epiphyllous and dithecous anthers

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BotanyNEET 2022show ▾

Which part of the fruit, labelled in the given figure, makes it a false fruit? Question 150 as printed in the NEET 2022 booklet

Question 150 as printed in the NEET 2022 booklet

A.D → Seed
B.A → Mesocarp
C.B → Endocarp
D.C → Thalamus✓

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BotanyNEET 2022show ▾

Which one of the following plants shows vexillary aestivation and diadelphous stamens?

A.Solanum nigrum
B.Colchicum autumnale
C.Pisum sativum✓
D.Allium cepa

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BotanyNEET 2021show ▾

Match Column-I (floral formula) with Column-II (family). Question 138 as printed in the NEET 2021 booklet

Question 138 as printed in the NEET 2021 booklet

Column-II
(i) Brassicaceae
(ii) Liliaceae
(iii) Fabaceae
(iv) Solanaceae

A.(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)✓
B.(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
C.(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
D.(a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

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BotanyNEET 2021show ▾

Diadelphous stamens are found in:

A.China rose
B.Citrus
C.Pea✓
D.China rose and Citrus

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