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Biomolecules

Class 12

11 previous-year questions from this chapter every option and the correct answer, free · where the marks are

1. Carbohydrates

Exam focus: Sucrose is the classic non-reducing sugar because its glycosidic bond ties up both anomeric carbons — C1 of glucose and C2 of fructose — leaving no free anomeric OH to open into a reactive aldehyde or ketone, unlike maltose and lactose, which keep one free and do reduce Fehling's or Tollens'. This is also why sucrose shows no mutarotation, while glucose's optical rotation visibly drifts as its α and β anomers interconvert through the open-chain form.

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Physics Wallah - Alakh Pandey

Dedicated single-topic lecture on carbohydrates from a Biomolecules series.

2. Proteins, enzymes and vitamins

Exam focus: Denaturation destroys a protein's secondary and tertiary structure, and its biological activity, but leaves the primary structure — the peptide-bonded amino acid sequence — untouched. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) get stored in body fat and can reach toxic levels on overdose; water-soluble ones (B-complex, C) aren't stored and must come from the diet regularly, which is why their deficiencies (scurvy for C, beriberi for B₁) show up faster.

Biomolecules — Full Chapter (incl. Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins)

Competition Wallah

Full-chapter video; no video dedicated only to proteins/enzymes/vitamins could be verified, so this covers them bundled with carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

3. Nucleic acids

Exam focus: Chargaff's rule lets you find all four base percentages in double-stranded DNA from just one — %A = %T and %G = %C, so purines always equal pyrimidines overall, a calculation NEET poses directly. Structurally: DNA's sugar is deoxyribose (no 2'-OH) against RNA's ribose, DNA pairs A with T using 2 hydrogen bonds where RNA substitutes uracil for thymine, and G pairs with C using 3 — so a strand richer in G-C is more thermally stable.

Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

Physics Wallah - Alakh Pandey

Covers nucleic-acid structure (DNA/RNA) bundled together with lipids in the same lecture.