Chemical Coordination and Integration

15 previous-year questions from this chapter every option and the correct answer, free · where the marks are

1. Endocrine glands and their hormones

Exam focus: The posterior pituitary does not make the hormones it releases: oxytocin and ADH are synthesised by the hypothalamus and only stored and released from the posterior lobe, while the anterior pituitary genuinely synthesises its own hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin). A second pairing worth keeping straight: PTH raises blood Ca2+ while calcitonin, from the thyroid, lowers it — opposite jobs on the same ion, from different glands.

Chemical Coordination and Integration — Full Chapter (Endocrine Glands and Hormones)

Sankalp NEET Vedantu

Complete-chapter revision; endocrine glands and hormones are covered early.

ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Consider the following statements regarding the functions of adrenal medullary hormones: (A) They cause pupillary constriction. (B) They are hyperglycaemic hormones. (C) They cause piloerection. (D) They increase the strength of heart contraction. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.C and D only
B.B, C and D only✓
C.A, C and D only
D.D only

Solution

Adrenaline and noradrenaline raise blood glucose (B), cause piloerection (C) and increase the force of heart contraction (D). They dilate the pupils, so A is wrong. Hence B, C and D.

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ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Progesterone	I. Pars intermedia
B. Relaxin	II. Ovary
C. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone	III. Adrenal medulla
D. Catecholamines	IV. Corpus luteum

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III✓
B.A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
C.A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
D.A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Solution

Progesterone comes from the corpus luteum (IV); relaxin from the ovary (II); melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the pars intermedia (I); catecholamines from the adrenal medulla (III).

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ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Which of the following hormones released from the pituitary is actually synthesised in the hypothalamus?

A.Luteinising hormone (LH)
B.Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)✓
C.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Solution

ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin are synthesised by hypothalamic neurons and only stored and released by the posterior pituitary. LH, FSH and ACTH are made in the anterior pituitary itself.

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ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Heart	I. Erythropoietin
B. Kidney	II. Aldosterone
C. Gastro-intestinal tract	III. Atrial natriuretic factor
D. Adrenal cortex	IV. Secretin

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
B.A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
C.A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
D.A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II✓

Solution

The heart's atrial wall secretes ANF (III); the kidney secretes erythropoietin (I); the gut secretes secretin (IV); the adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone (II).

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ZoologyNEET 2023show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. CCK	I. Kidney
B. GIP	II. Heart
C. ANF	III. Gastric gland
D. ADH	IV. Pancreas

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I✓
B.A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
C.A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
D.A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

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ZoologyNEET 2023show ▾

Which of the following are not under the control of thyroid hormone? A. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance B. Regulation of basal metabolic rate C. Normal rhythm of the sleep–wake cycle D. Development of the immune system E. Support of the process of RBC formation Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A and D only
B.B and C only
C.C and D only✓
D.D and E only

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ZoologyNEET 2022show ▾

Which of the following are not the effects of parathyroid hormone? (a) Stimulates the process of bone resorption (b) Decreases

C a^{2 +}

level in blood (c) Reabsorption of

C a^{2 +}

by renal tubules (d) Decreases the absorption of

C a^{2 +}

from digested food (e) Increases metabolism of carbohydrates Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A.(b) and (c) only
B.(a) and (c) only
C.(b), (d) and (e) only✓
D.(a) and (e) only

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ZoologyNEET 2020show ▾

Select the correct statement.

A.Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis✓
B.Glucagon is associated with hypoglycaemia
C.Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes
D.Insulin is associated with hyperglycaemia

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2. Mechanism of hormone action

Exam focus: Where a hormone acts depends on its chemistry: lipophilic steroid and thyroid hormones cross the plasma membrane and bind intracellular or nuclear receptors, directly switching gene transcription on or off, while water-soluble peptide hormones cannot cross the membrane and instead bind surface receptors, triggering a second-messenger cascade such as cAMP inside the cell — NEET options often assign the wrong mechanism to the wrong hormone class.

Chemical Coordination and Integration — Full Chapter (Mechanism of Hormone Action)

Sankalp NEET Vedantu

Same chapter one-shot; the mechanism of hormone action is covered midway through.

3. Disorders

Exam focus: The same underlying problem, hypothyroidism, gets two different names depending on when it strikes: cretinism if present from childhood (stunted growth, mental retardation), myxoedema if it develops in an adult (low metabolic rate, puffiness) — a naming-by-age distinction NEET tests directly rather than asking about the hormone deficiency in the abstract.

Chemical Coordination and Integration — Full Chapter (Disorders)

Sankalp NEET Vedantu

Same chapter one-shot; endocrine disorders are covered near the end.

ZoologyNEET 2024show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Exophthalmic goitre	I. Excess secretion of cortisol, moon face & hyperglycaemia
B. Acromegaly	II. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone and stunted growth
C. Cushing's syndrome	III. Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone & protruding eyeballs
D. Cretinism	IV. Excessive secretion of growth hormone

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
B.A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
C.A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II✓
D.A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Solution

Exophthalmic goitre (Graves' disease): hyperthyroidism with protruding eyes (III). Acromegaly: excess growth hormone in adults (IV). Cushing's syndrome: excess cortisol, moon face, hyperglycaemia (I). Cretinism: hypothyroidism in infancy with stunted growth (II).

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ZoologyNEET 2020show ▾

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine is indicative of diabetes mellitus?

A.Uremia and ketonuria
B.Uremia and renal calculi
C.Ketonuria and glycosuria✓
D.Renal calculi and hyperglycaemia

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ZoologyNEET 2020show ▾

Match the following columns and select the correct option.

Gland	Disorder
(a) Pituitary gland	(i) Graves' disease
(b) Thyroid gland	(ii) Diabetes mellitus
(c) Adrenal gland	(iii) Diabetes insipidus
(d) Pancreas	(iv) Addison's disease

A.(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
B.(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
C.(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)✓
D.(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

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ZoologyNEET 2019show ▾

Match the following hormones with their respective associated disease:

Column I	Column II
(a) Insulin (deficiency)	(i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxine (dysregulation)	(ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c) Corticoids (deficiency)	(iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth hormone (excess)	(iv) Goitre
	(v) Diabetes mellitus

A.(a)-(v), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
B.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
C.(a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)✓
D.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

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1. Endocrine glands and their hormones

Endocrine glands and their hormones

2. Mechanism of hormone action

Mechanism of hormone action

3. Disorders

Disorders of the endocrine system