Human Health and Disease

Class 12

23 previous-year questions from this chapter every option and the correct answer, free · where the marks are

1. Common diseases: pathogens and life cycles

Exam focus: By parasitology's own definition, the mosquito, not the human, is Plasmodium's definitive host, because the sexual stage of the parasite's life cycle happens inside the mosquito; the human is only the intermediate host, where the asexual cycle runs. The recurring chills and high fever are timed to the synchronised rupture of infected RBCs releasing merozoites and toxic haemozoin — which is also why the fever's periodicity tracks the parasite's own reproductive cycle inside blood cells.

Human Health and Disease — Full Chapter (Common Diseases, Pathogens and Life Cycles)

Vedantu NEET English

Covers the whole Human Health and Disease chapter including pathogens and life cycles (malaria, typhoid, ascariasis, etc.); bundled with immunity/AIDS/cancer content too.

ZoologyNEET 2024show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Common cold	I. Plasmodium
B. Haemozoin	II. Typhoid
C. Widal test	III. Rhinoviruses
D. Allergy	IV. Dust mites

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
B.A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV✓
C.A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
D.A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Solution

The common cold is caused by rhinoviruses (III); haemozoin is the toxin released by Plasmodium (I); the Widal test diagnoses typhoid (II); dust mites are a common allergen (IV).

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ZoologyNEET 2024show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Typhoid	I. Fungus
B. Leishmaniasis	II. Nematode
C. Ringworm	III. Protozoa
D. Filariasis	IV. Bacteria

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II✓
B.A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
C.A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
D.A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Solution

Typhoid is bacterial, Salmonella typhi (IV); leishmaniasis is protozoan (III); ringworm is fungal, Microsporum and Trichophyton (I); filariasis is caused by the nematode Wuchereria (II).

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ZoologyNEET 2023show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Ringworm	I. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Filariasis	II. Trichophyton
C. Malaria	III. Wuchereria bancrofti
D. Pneumonia	IV. Plasmodium vivax

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I✓
B.A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
C.A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
D.A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

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ZoologyNEET 2021show ▾

Match List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
(a) Filariasis	(i) Haemophilus influenzae
(b) Amoebiasis	(ii) Trichophyton
(c) Pneumonia	(iii) Wuchereria bancrofti
(d) Ringworm	(iv) Entamoeba histolytica

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
B.(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)✓
C.(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
D.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

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ZoologyNEET 2020show ▾

The infectious stage of Plasmodium that enters the human body is:

A.Trophozoites
B.Sporozoites✓
C.Female gametocytes
D.Male gametocytes

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ZoologyNEET 2020show ▾

Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option.

Disease	Organism
(a) Typhoid	(i) Wuchereria
(b) Pneumonia	(ii) Plasmodium
(c) Filariasis	(iii) Salmonella
(d) Malaria	(iv) Haemophilus

A.(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
B.(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)✓
C.(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
D.(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)

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ZoologyNEET 2019show ▾

Identify the correct pair representing the causative agent of typhoid fever and the confirmatory test for typhoid.

A.Plasmodium vivax / UTI test
B.Streptococcus pneumoniae / Widal test
C.Salmonella typhi / Anthrone test
D.Salmonella typhi / Widal test✓

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2. Immunity, vaccination, AIDS, cancer

Exam focus: Active immunity (from infection or vaccination) is slow to build but leaves lasting memory cells; passive immunity, like the antibodies a newborn gets through colostrum, acts immediately but fades, because the recipient's own immune system never produced those antibodies and keeps no memory of them. HIV's real target is the helper T cell specifically, and it is the resulting collapse in helper T cell count that cripples both antibody production and cytotoxic responses at once.

Human Health and Diseases — Full Chapter in One Shot

Competition Wallah

Innate vs acquired immunity, how vaccines exploit memory cells, HIV's attack on T-helper cells, and cancer — covered as the one set NEET treats them as.

BotanyNEET 2025show ▾

Neoplastic characteristics of cells refer to: A. A mass of proliferating cells B. Rapid growth of cells C. Invasion and damage to the surrounding tissue D. Those confined to their original location Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A, B only
B.A, B, C only✓
C.A, B, D only
D.B, C, D only

Solution

Neoplastic (malignant) cells form a proliferating mass (A), grow rapidly (B) and invade and damage surrounding tissue (C). Being confined to the original site describes a benign tumour. Hence A, B and C.

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BotanyNEET 2025show ▾

Which are correct? A. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging detect cancers of internal organs. B. Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill non-cancerous cells.

C . α -

interferon activates the cancer patient's immune system and helps in destroying the tumour. D. Chemotherapeutic drugs are biological response modifiers. E. In the case of leukaemia, blood cell counts are decreased. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.B and D only
B.D and E only
C.C and D only
D.A and C only✓

Solution

CT and MRI detect internal cancers (A), and $α -$ interferon is a biological response modifier that activates the patient's immune system (C). Chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancerous cells and are not biological response modifiers; leukaemia raises the blood cell count. Hence A and C.

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ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

After maturation in primary lymphoid organs, lymphocytes migrate for interaction with antigens to secondary lymphoid organ(s)/tissue(s) like: A. thymus · B. bone marrow · C. spleen · D. lymph nodes · E. Peyer's patches Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.B, C, D only
B.A, B, C only
C.E, A, B only
D.C, D, E only✓

Solution

Thymus and bone marrow are the primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes mature. They then migrate to the secondary lymphoid organs — spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches and appendix — to meet antigens. Hence C, D and E.

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ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Which of the following types of immunity is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defence in the human body?

A.Acquired immunity
B.Innate immunity✓
C.Cell-mediated immunity
D.Humoral immunity

Solution

Innate immunity is present from birth and is non-specific: physical, physiological, cellular and cytokine barriers. Acquired immunity is specific and develops after exposure.

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ZoologyNEET 2025show ▾

Identify the statement that is not correct.

A.Each antibody has two light and two heavy chains.
B.The heavy and light chains are held together by disulfide bonds.
C.The antigen-binding site is located at the C-terminal region of antibody molecules.✓
D.The constant regions of heavy and light chains are located at the C-terminus of antibody molecules.

Solution

Antigen-binding sites lie in the variable regions at the N-terminal ends of the heavy and light chains; the constant regions form the C-terminal end. Statement 3 is the incorrect one.

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ZoologyNEET 2024show ▾

Which of the following are autoimmune disorders? A. Myasthenia gravis · B. Rheumatoid arthritis · C. Gout · D. Muscular dystrophy · E. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A.A, B & E only✓
B.B, C & E only
C.C, D & E only
D.A, B & D only

Solution

Myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis and SLE are autoimmune disorders. Gout is a metabolic disorder (urate crystals); muscular dystrophy is genetic.

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ZoologyNEET 2024show ▾

Given below are two statements: Statement I: Bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced. Statement II: Both bone marrow and thymus provide micro-environments for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
B.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
C.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
D.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.✓

Solution

Bone marrow is the primary lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are made (I true), and both bone marrow and thymus provide the micro-environment for lymphocyte maturation — T cells maturing in the thymus (II true).

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ZoologyNEET 2023show ▾

In which blood corpuscles does HIV undergo replication and produce progeny viruses?

A.T $_{H}$ cells✓
B.B-lymphocytes
C.Basophils
D.Eosinophils

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ZoologyNEET 2022show ▾

Given below are two statements: Statement I: Autoimmune disorder is a condition where the body's defence mechanism recognises its own cells as foreign bodies. Statement II: Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition where the body does not attack self cells. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
B.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
C.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
D.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect✓

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ZoologyNEET 2022show ▾

Select the incorrect statement with respect to acquired immunity:

A.Acquired immunity is a non-specific type of defence present at the time of birth✓
B.Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time
C.Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen
D.Anamnestic response is due to memory of the first encounter

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ZoologyNEET 2021show ▾

Adenosine deaminase deficiency results in:

A.Dysfunction of the immune system✓
B.Parkinson's disease
C.Digestive disorder
D.Addison's disease

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ZoologyNEET 2020show ▾

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity.

A.When exposed to an antigen (living or dead), antibodies are produced in the host's body — this is called active immunity
B.When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called passive immunity
C.Active immunity is quick and gives a full response✓
D.A foetus receives some antibodies from its mother — this is an example of passive immunity

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ZoologyNEET 2019show ▾

Which of the following immune responses is responsible for the rejection of a kidney graft?

A.Auto-immune response
B.Humoral immune response
C.Inflammatory immune response
D.Cell-mediated immune response✓

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3. Drugs and alcohol abuse

Exam focus: Plant-source questions here are exact: Papaver somniferum gives opium and heroin, Erythroxylum coca gives cocaine, and Cannabis sativa alone yields marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja depending on which part of the same plant is used — mixing up the source plant is the standard wrong option. Anabolic steroid abuse is the counterintuitive one: external steroids suppress the body's own LH and testosterone production by negative feedback, causing reduced testicular size and gynaecomastia rather than the bigger physique one might assume.

Drugs and Alcohol Abuse

Vedantu NEET English

Directly matches the subtopic — a dedicated lecture on drugs and alcohol abuse with NCERT content and PYQs.

ZoologyNEET 2024show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Cocaine	I. Effective sedative in surgery
B. Heroin	II. Cannabis sativa
C. Morphine	III. Erythroxylum
D. Marijuana	IV. Papaver somniferum

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
B.A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
C.A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II✓
D.A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Solution

Cocaine comes from Erythroxylum coca (III); heroin (diacetylmorphine) from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum (IV); morphine is used as a sedative and painkiller in surgery (I); marijuana from Cannabis sativa (II).

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ZoologyNEET 2023show ▾

Match List I with List II.

List I	List II
A. Heroin	I. Effect on cardiovascular system
B. Marijuana	II. Slows down body functions
C. Cocaine	III. Painkiller
D. Morphine	IV. Interferes with transport of dopamine

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III✓
B.A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
C.A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
D.A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

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ZoologyNEET 2019show ▾

The drug called 'Heroin' is synthesised by:

A.Methylation of morphine
B.Acetylation of morphine✓
C.Glycosylation of morphine
D.Nitration of morphine

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