Chapter 136 of 2363 min read
Haloarenes: reactions and directing effects
Why this is asked: Aryl C–X bonds are shorter and stronger than alkyl C–X bonds, because the halogen's lone pair conjugates into the ring, which is exactly why chlorobenzene resists the SN1/SN2 chemistry that works readily on an alkyl halide. Nucleophilic substitution on a haloarene needs either forcing conditions (high temperature and pressure with NaOH) or a strong electron-withdrawing group like NO₂ at the ortho/para position to make the ring susceptible.
This chapter is part of a paid pack
A sample of the book is free to read — the rest, including this chapter, unlocks with full access.
See pricingOpen this in the full syllabus view · Chemistry