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Coordination Compounds

Class 12

14 previous-year questions from this chapter every option and the correct answer, free · where the marks are

1. Nomenclature and Werner's theory

Exam focus: Werner's key distinction is primary valence (ionisable, the oxidation state) versus secondary valence (non-ionisable, the fixed coordination number and geometry) — a complex's conductivity in solution tests exactly this, since only ions outside the coordination sphere carry current. In naming, ligands are listed alphabetically by name regardless of charge or multiplying prefix (bis, tris), and an anionic complex ion always ends in "-ate."

Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds

Competition Wallah

Covers the introduction and Werner's theory in depth; IUPAC nomenclature is taught in the next lecture of the same series, not fully in this one.

2. Isomerism in coordination compounds

Exam focus: Ambidentate ligands like NO₂⁻/ONO⁻ (nitro/nitrito) and SCN⁻/NCS⁻ give linkage isomers — same formula, different donor atom — a distinct category from ionisation isomerism, where a different ion sits inside versus outside the coordination sphere. For an MA₃B₃ octahedral complex, the geometrical isomers are called fac and mer, not cis/trans, which is reserved for the MA₄B₂ and MA₂B₂ patterns.

Isomerism in Coordination Compounds (Part 1)

Competition Wallah

Covers structural isomerism in coordination compounds; explicitly "Part 1" — stereoisomerism (geometrical/optical) is covered in a follow-up Part 2 video not included here.

3. Valence bond and crystal field theory

Exam focus: Tetrahedral crystal-field splitting is always smaller than octahedral for the same metal and ligands (roughly 4/9 the size) — small enough that tetrahedral complexes are almost always high-spin regardless of the ligand, unlike octahedral complexes where a strong-field ligand like CN⁻ or CO forces low-spin pairing. VBT explains a complex's geometry and magnetic moment through hybridisation, but not why it's coloured or why one ligand counts as "strong field" — that gap is exactly what crystal field theory fills.

Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory

NCERT Wallah

d-orbital splitting, strong- vs weak-field ligands, high-spin vs low-spin — the half of this subtopic NEET weights more heavily. Valence bond theory is lecture 03 in the same series.